解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARG) agonists used to treat type 2 diabetes. TZDs can also be used to reduce rates of type 2 diabetes in at-risk individuals. However, a large fraction of TZD-treated patients (30-40%) do not respond to TZD treatment with an improvement ...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.11.3319
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major microvascular complications in diabetes and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Among various factors, angiogenesis-associated factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and angiopoietin (Ang)-2 are involved in the development of diabetic...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.10.2891
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although hyperhomocysteinemia, an independent cardiovascular risk factor, is common in type 2 diabetes with nephropathy, the mechanism(s) of this alteration is not known. In healthy humans, hyperinsulinemia increases methionine transmethylation, homocysteine transsulfuration, and clearance. No such data exist in type ...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.10.2968
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cell death-inducing DFFA (DNA fragmentation factor-alpha)-like effector A (CIDEA) gene is implicated as an important regulator of body weight in mice and humans and is therefore a candidate gene for human obesity. Here, we characterize common CIDEA gene polymorphisms and investigate them for association with obesi...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.10.3032
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allotransplantation of pancreatic islets represents a promising approach to treat type 1 diabetes. Destruction of beta-cells in islet allografts involves multiple immune mechanisms that lead to activation of caspases and apoptotic cell death. The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) inhibits apoptosis induced by a v...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.9.2533
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to evaluate and cor-relate islet to brown and white adipose tissue (WAT) blood perfusion in one obese rat and one nonobese rat with type 2 diabetes (obese Zucker [OZ] and GK rats, respectively). We measured blood perfusion with a microsphere technique in anesthetized animals and subseq...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.9.2620
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of conventional germ-line or tissue-specific gene manipulation in vivo is potentially confounded by developmental adaptation of animal physiology. We aimed to adapt the technique of in vivo electrotransfer (IVE) to alter local gene expression in skeletal muscle of rodents as a means of investigating the role ...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.9.2702
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rosiglitazone therapy improves insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in patients with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes. In coronary artery disease (CAD), glucose is an important source of energy and preserved myocardial glucose uptake is essential for the viability of jeopardized myocardium. The aim was to test whether ...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.9.2787
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Decreased uncoupling protein (UCP)3 is associated with insulin resistance in muscle of pre-diabetic and diabetic individuals, but the function of UCP3 remains unclear. Our goal was to elucidate mechanisms underlying the negative correlation between UCP3 and insulin resistance in muscle. We determined effects of physio...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.8.2343
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diabetes complications are caused by hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia results in increased concentrations of glucose degradation products. The study of peritoneal dialysis solution biocompatibility has highlighted the adverse effects of glucose degradation products. Recently, 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE) has been ...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.8.2424
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rare mutations in the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene cause severe early-onset childhood obesity. However, it is unknown whether common variants in POMC are responsible for variation in body weight or fat distribution within the commonly observed range in the population. We tested for association between three polymor...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.8.2492
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) has an excellent linear correlation with the glucose clamp index of insulin sensitivity (SI(Clamp)) that is better than that of many other surrogate indexes. However, correlation between a surrogate and reference standard may improve as variability between subj...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.7.1914
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The adipocyte hormone adiponectin is negatively correlated with obesity and insulin resistance and may exert an important antidiabetes function. In this study, primary human skeletal muscle cells were cocultured with human fat cells or incubated with adipocyte-conditioned medium in the presence or absence of the globu...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.7.2003
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Overexpression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the beta-cell of transgenic mice enhances beta-cell proliferation, survival, and function. In the current studies, we have used conditional ablation of the c-met gene to uncover the physiological role of HGF in beta-cell growth and function. Mice in which c-met is in...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.7.2090
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress is detrimental for endothelial cells, contributing to the vascular complications of diabetes. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) is an oxidative stress-sensitive channel involved in cell death; therefore, we have examined its potential role in endothelial cells ...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.7.2179
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Impaired insulin secretion is a fundamental defect in type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes regulating insulin secretion (SLC2A2 [encoding GLUT2], GCK, TCF1 [encoding HNF-1alpha], HNF4A, GIP, and GLP1R) are associated with the conversion f...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.7.2256
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::AS160 is a newly described substrate for the protein kinase Akt that links insulin signaling and GLUT4 trafficking. In this study, we determined the expression of and in vivo insulin action on AS160 in human skeletal muscle. In addition, we compared the effect of physiological hyperinsulinemia on AS160 phosphorylation...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.6.1692
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence exists for an essential role of beta-cell apoptosis in the pathology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Current methods for diabetes-associated apoptosis detection, however, suffer the drawbacks of relying on in situ-based strategies. In this study, we attempted to measure, both in vitro and ex vivo, levels of be...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.6.1780
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity is one of the most serious threats to human health today. Although there is general agreement that environmental factors such as diet have largely caused the current obesity pandemic, the environmental changes have not affected all individuals equally. To model gene-by-environment interactions in a mouse model...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.6.1863
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The introduction of 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has enabled noninvasive measurement of muscle glycogen synthesis in humans. Conclusions based on measurements by the MRS technique assume that glucose metabolism in gastrocnemius muscle is representative for all skeletal muscles and thus can be extrapolated...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.5.1277
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) has been implicated in the control of blood glucose by its potent effect on expression and signaling of various nuclear receptors. To understand the role of COUP-TFII in glucose homeostasis, conditional COUP-TFII-deficient mice were generated and ...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.5.1357
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid with the potential to mobilize Ca2+, to inhibit apoptosis, and to promote mitogenesis. Sphingosine kinase (SPHK) and S1P were characterized in INS-1 insulinoma cells and isolated rat islets of Langerhans. SPHK activity increased in INS-1 cell homogenates treate...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.5.1429
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition has recently been identified as a novel approach to treatment of experimental peripheral diabetic neuropathy (PDN). However, long-term inhibition of PARP, an enzyme involved in DNA repair, can potentially result in premature aging, loss of genome stability, and other side ...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.5.1514
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both genetic and nongenetic factors contribute to the development of type 1 diabetes. Many investigations, including prospective studies of high-risk children, have implicated virus infections as predisposing environmental agents. We previously reported that basal activity of the key antiviral enzyme 2'5'-oligoadenyla...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.5.1588
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies were conducted to explore altered substrate utilization and metabolism in GLUT4 null mice. Liver fatty acid synthase mRNA and fatty acid synthesis rates were dramatically increased in GLUT4 null mice compared with control mice and were supported by increased rates of the pentose phosphate pathway oxidative pha...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.4.935
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Local glucocorticoid (GC) action depends on intracellular GC metabolism by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11betaHSDs). 11betaHSD1 activates GCs, while 11betaHSD2 inactivates GCs. Adipocyte-specific amplification of GCs through transgenic overexpression of 11betaHSD1 produces visceral obesity and the metabolic s...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.4.1023
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Liver X receptors (LXRs) are important regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism and are also involved in glucose metabolism. However, the functional role of LXRs in human skeletal muscle is at present unknown. This study demonstrates that chronic ligand activation of LXRs by a synthetic LXR agonist increases the...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.4.1108
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4A), the gene for the maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 1 monogenic form of type 2 diabetes, is within the type 2 diabetes-linked region on chromosome 20q12-q13.1 and, consequently, is a positional candidate gene for type 2 diabetes in the general population. Previous studi...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.4.1185
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in diabetes, Akita mice, a mouse model of type 2 diabetes, were mated with either heterozygous knockout mice or two types of transgenic mice of 150-kDa oxygen-regulated protein (ORP150), a molecular chaperone located in the ER. Systemic expression of ORP150 in Ak...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.3.657
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have applied cell-attached capacitance measurements to investigate whether synaptic-like microvesicles (SLMVs) undergo regulated exocytosis in insulinoma and primary pancreatic beta-cells. SLMV and large dense-core vesicle (LDCV) exocytosis was increased 1.6- and 2.4-fold upon stimulation with 10 mmol/l glucose in ...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.3.736
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thiazolidinediones, such as pioglitazone, seem to exert direct antiatherosclerotic and antirestenotic effects on type 2 diabetes, in part due to an induction of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis. We aimed to study the role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta in rat aortic VSMC. Pioglitazone at 100 micr...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.3.811
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-specific protein with insulin-sensitizing and antiatherogenic properties. Therefore, the adiponectin gene is a promising candidate gene for type 2 diabetes. We investigated the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) +45T/G and +276G/T of the adiponectin gene as predictors for the conve...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.3.893
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lifestyle modification reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and may have its effect through improving insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, or both. To determine whether diet and exercise improve insulin sensitivity and/or beta-cell function and to evaluate these effects over time, we quantified insulin s...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.2.340
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunosuppressive drugs are routinely used to provide tolerance after whole pancreas and islet cell transplantations. While they are essential in inhibiting graft rejection, little is known about their effect on islet function and beta-cell viability. In this study, we report that tacrolimus, sirolimus, and mycophenol...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.2.424
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We tested the hypothesis that green tea prevents diabetes-related tissue dysfunctions attributable to oxidation. Diabetic rats were treated daily with tap water, vitamins C and E, or fresh Japanese green tea extract. After 12 months, body weights were decreased, whereas glycated lysine in aorta, tendon, and plasma wer...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.2.517
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well known that peripherally administered growth hormone (GH) results in decreased body fat mass. However, GH-deficient patients increase their food intake when substituted with GH, suggesting that GH also has an appetite stimulating effect. Transgenic mice with an overexpression of bovine GH in the central nerv...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.1.51
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Key parameters of the endocrine pancreas, such as islet number, islet mass, beta-cell mass, and alpha-cell mass, were studied in different strains of inbred mice to investigate the impact of genetic background on the size and structure of the endocrine pancreas. Six mice from each of seven different strains of inbred ...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.1.133
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the effects of high-dosage vitamin E treatment over a 12-month period on the vascular reactivity of micro- and macrocirculation and left ventricular function in diabetic patients. Subjects (n = 89) were randomized to vitamin E (1,800 IU daily) or placebo and were followed for 12 months. High-resolution ult...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.1.204
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adiponectin is an abundant adipose tissue-derived protein with important metabolic effects. Plasma adiponectin levels are decreased in obese individuals, and low adiponectin levels predict insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Two variants in the adiponectin gene ACDC have been previously associated with plasma adip...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.1.284
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) is the important regulatory subunit of ATP-sensitive K+ channels. It is an ATP-binding cassette protein comprising 17 transmembrane helices. SUR is endowed with binding sites for channel blockers like the antidiabetic sulfonylurea glibenclamide and for the chemically very heterogeneous ...
journal_title:Diabetes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.suppl_3.s128
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00